normal incandescent bulbs make light by glowing red hot. do led lights glow red hot as well? if not, then what creates the visible light from led's?
Not exactly but the general mechanism is the same. The current in bulbs excite the atoms of the wire filament - places its electron at a higher energy state - and those electrons spontaneously go to a lower state and emit a photon. This is done on a massive scale and we get incadescent light.
This "energy difference to create a photon" principle is used in semiconductors when an electron already in a higher energy state goes to a lower one and the energy lost is emitted as a photon of light.
The way it works is to put two semiconductor against each other and run a current through it. One semiconductor has excess electrons foating about from atom to atom because it was doped with an element that has a lot of free electrons to give up. The other semiconductor is doped with an element deficient of electrons, so it can readily accept new electrons. When you place then side by side you find that there is an enegy level difference between the first and second type of semiconductor. When electrons travel down this energy difference a photon is emitted. Do this enoguh times - say, by running a current so you pump a lot of electrons "down the slide" to generate an ocean of photons - and Viola! Let there be light!
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