i have tried this before, when i set the camera to manual and set a fast shutter speed (1/500) and set the aperture to 4.5 (as wide as it will go in the light at the time) the pictures are not well exposed, when blown up on my mac they are a bit grainy? can somone explain why?
this also happens in reverse, when taking slow shutter speed and set the AV to the smallest it will go in the light it is still too bright!
You set the aperture to f4.5 "as wide as it will go" - that's your problem with the under exposure. At 1/500 there is not much light getting to the sensor at all, the aperture needs to be a lot wider than f4.5. If you had a 'faster' lens (capable of f2.8 or better, f1.8) you'd probably be able to achieve a decent exposure.
As the aperture can't go any wider on that lens, the camera may well be increasing the ISO to compensate (if it has Auto ISO function & it's enabled). That would explain the graininess of the images - check the EXIF data to see if the camera's picking a high ISO.
Similarly, when you stop the aperture down to the minimum size, in bright lighting conditions this can still cause an overexposure when you choose a slow shutter speed. If you want to do long exposures in bright light, (for example, to blur water movement) you need to invest in some neutral density (ND) filters to cut down the amount of light getting in to give you a reasonable exposure.
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